Navigating Goods and Services Tax (GST) Returns in India

A Goods and Services Tax (GST) Return is an official document that GST-registered businesses must submit. It details their sales, purchases, input tax credit claims, and the total tax owed or already paid. All GST-registered entities are required to file these returns. Submissions are made through the GST portal, either monthly, quarterly, or annually, based on the taxpayer's specific category.

Key Points for GST Returns

• Filing a GST Return is a mandatory requirement for all registered businesses under GST.
• Standard taxpayers typically file GSTR-1 and GSTR-3B monthly or quarterly, in addition to annual returns such as GSTR-9 or GSTR-9C.
• Businesses opting for the Composition Scheme are required to file four quarterly CMP-08 statements and one annual GSTR-4 return.
• Submission deadlines are not uniform; they vary according to the taxpayer's annual turnover and the particular GST scheme they follow.
• Failure to file returns on time can lead to late fees and an annual interest charge of 18%.
• The entire filing process can be completed online via the official GST portal by following a series of steps.

What Constitutes a GST Return?

A GST Return serves as a statement presented by a registered taxpayer, outlining their revenue (sales), expenditure (purchases), GST collected on sales (output GST), and GST paid on purchases (input tax credit). This crucial document enables tax authorities to accurately determine the taxpayer’s overall GST liability.

Who Is Obligated to File GST Returns?

Several categories of taxpayers are required to file GST returns, each with specific obligations:

• Regular Taxpayers: Businesses with an annual turnover exceeding ₹5 crore must file monthly returns along with an annual return.
• Small Taxpayers: Those with an annual turnover up to ₹5 crore have the option to file quarterly returns under the Quarterly Return Monthly Payment (QRMP) scheme, in addition to an annual return.
• Composition Dealers: Businesses under the GST Composition Scheme are required to submit quarterly CMP-08 forms and an annual GSTR-4 return.
• Other Specific Entities: This includes e-commerce operators, non-resident taxable individuals, Input Service Distributors (ISDs), and those deducting Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) or collecting Tax Collected at Source (TCS), each with their own designated return types.

GST Return Filing Deadlines (Financial Years 2024-25 & 2025-26)

The deadlines for various GST returns for the financial years 2024-25 and 2025-26 are summarized below:

Note: "Category X" states/UTs include Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Goa, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Puducherry, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and Lakshadweep. "Category Y" states/UTs include Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya, Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Chandigarh, and New Delhi. Taxpayers should verify the exact due dates for their respective states as per government notifications.

Upcoming Deadlines for GST Return Filing

For convenience, here are the upcoming GST return deadlines:

GSTR-1: Outward Supplies Details

GSTR-3B: Summary Return and Tax Payment

CMP-08: Quarterly Statement for Composition Dealers

GSTR-4: Annual Return for Composition Taxpayers

GSTR-5: Non-Resident Taxable Persons

GSTR-5A: OIDAR Service Providers

GSTR-6: Input Service Distributor

GSTR-7: TDS Deductors

GSTR-8: E-commerce Operators

GSTR-9: Annual Return for Regular Taxpayers

GSTR-9C: Annual Reconciliation for Taxpayers with Turnover above ₹5 Cr

ITC-04: Goods Sent to Job Workers

These dates are based on the latest available notifications as of August 2025 and may be subject to revisions by the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC).

Online Filing Procedure for GST Returns (Step-by-Step Guide)

To file GST returns electronically, follow these steps:

1. Access the GST Portal: Log in to the official GST portal using your GSTIN and credentials.
2. Navigate to Returns: Go to the "Services" tab and select "Return Dashboard."
3. Choose Period: Specify the relevant filing period (month, quarter, or year) for which you intend to file the return.
4. Select Return Form: Choose the appropriate return form, such as GSTR-1 or GSTR-3B.
5. Enter Details: Input all necessary details, including outward supplies (sales), inward supplies (purchases), Input Tax Credit (ITC), and the total tax liability.
6. Upload Data: Invoices or data can be uploaded either manually or through a JSON file generated by accounting software.
7. Review and Generate: Carefully verify all entered information and generate a summary for final review before submission.
8. Process Tax Payment: If any tax is due, proceed with payment using options like net banking, NEFT, or RTGS through the Challan (PMT-06).
9. Submit Return: Complete the filing process by submitting the return using your Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) or Electronic Verification Code (EVC).
10. Download Acknowledgment: Download and retain the acknowledgment for your records.

Penalties and Late Fees for Delayed Filings

Failure to file GST returns by the stipulated due dates can result in penalties and interest charges:

• Interest: An annual interest rate of 18% is levied on any outstanding tax amount until it is fully paid.

• Late Fees:

  Return Type	Late Fee Per Day (CGST)	Late Fee Per Day (SGST)	Total Late Fee Per Day	Maximum Cap
  GSTR-1	₹25	₹25	₹50	₹10,000
  GSTR-3B	₹25	₹25	₹50	₹10,000
  GSTR-9 (Annual)	₹100	₹100	₹200	0.25% of turnover

• For taxpayers filing "NIL" returns (i.e., no tax liability), a reduced late fee of ₹10 per day under each Act (CGST and SGST) applies, with a maximum cap of ₹250.

• Government may occasionally introduce amnesty schemes that offer reductions or waivers of late fees for previous periods; however, their applicability must be verified.